Many cities offer battery recycling services for lead–acid batteries. The casing of a Lead–acid battery is often made of either polypropylene or ABS, which can also be recycled, although there are significant limitations on recycling plastics. Lead–acid batteries collected by an auto parts retailer for recycling. The recovered materials are used in a variety of applications, including new batteries. These are recycled by grinding them, neutralizing the acid, and separating the polymers from the lead. These can be regular lead–acid, sealed lead–acid, gel type, or absorbent glass mat batteries. Lead-acid batteries include but are not limited to: car batteries, golf cart batteries, UPS batteries, industrial fork-lift batteries, motorcycle batteries, and commercial batteries. consumers recycled almost half of portable batteries bought in 2017. Zinc–carbon and Zinc–air batteries are recycled in the same process. An evaluation of consumer alkaline battery recycling in Europe showed environmental benefit but at significant expense over disposal. Consumer disposal guidelines vary by region. Disposable alkaline batteries make up the vast majority of consumer battery use, but there is currently no cost-neutral recycling option. Rechargeable nickel–cadmium (Ni-Cd), nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH), lithium-ion (Li-ion) and nickel–zinc (Ni-Zn), can also be recycled. However, some batteries are recycled more readily than others, such as lead–acid automotive batteries (nearly 90% are recycled) and button cells (because of the value and toxicity of their chemicals). Batteries contain a number of heavy metals and toxic chemicals and disposing of them by the same process as regular household waste has raised concerns over soil contamination and water pollution. Battery recycling is a recycling activity that aims to reduce the number of batteries being disposed as municipal solid waste.
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